Yayati Vs Khandekar Ebook
Khandekar appeases the women readers by contrasting Yayati with Kacha. The language is very basic with the raw emotions being addressed as they are. The thoughts and emotions of each character make for quite complex reading, with one having to re-read a chapter several times. Jan 01, 1970 Khandekar appeases the women readers by contrasting Yayati with Kacha. The language is very basic with the raw emotions being addressed as they are. The thoughts and emotions of each character make for quite complex reading, with one having to re-read a chapter several times.
| Yayati | |
|---|---|
| Information | |
| Family | Nahusha (father) |
| Spouse | Devayani, Sharmishtha |
| Children | Yadu, Turvashu, Anu, Druhyu and Puru |
According to Hinduism, Yayāti (Sanskrit: ययाति) was a Puranic king. He was the son of King Nahusha and his wife Ashokasundari,[1] daughter of Shiva and Parvati, and he was one of the ancestors of Pandavas and Yadavas. He had five brothers: Yati, Samyati, Ayati, Viyati and Kriti, although they were the children of Virajas, daughter of the Pitris. Yayāti had conquered the whole world and was the Chakravartin Samrat ('Universal Monarch' or 'World Emperor'). He married Devayani and took Sharmishtha, daughter of king Vrishparva and maid of Devayani as his mistress on her request. Devayani was the daughter of Shukracharya, the priest of the Asuras (the demons). After hearing of his relationship with Sharmishtha, Devayani complains to her father Shukracharya, who in turn curses Yayāti to old age in the prime of life, but later allows him to exchange it with his son, Puru. His story finds mention in the Mahabharata-Adi Parva and also Bhagavata Purana.[2]
- 4Descendants
Genealogy and early life[edit]
Brahma's son was Atri, a Brahmarshi. Atri's son was Chandra, the Moon god. Chandra gave rise to the lunar dynasty or the Chandravanshi Dynasty. Chandra's son was Budha. Budha had a son with Manu's daughter Ila. Ila's son was Pururavas, who studied under Sage Kashyapa. Pururavas ruled over the city of Pratishthana. He married ApsaraUrvashi and had many sons, of whom Ayus was the eldest. Ayus completed his education from Sage Chyavana and married the Asura princess Prabha. Ayus's son was Nahusha who was educated by the Sage Vashistha.
Upon Indra's loss of power, the gods asked Nahusha to be the new Indra. Nahusha ruled over the three worlds with the guidance of Sage Brihaspati for 100,000 years. Nahusha's sons headed by Yati and Yayāti were educated by thousands of Brahmarshis and the gods who used to wait upon their father. Nahusha eventually became arrogant and was punished severely. Indra was once more reinstated as the King of Gods.
The Mahabharata mentions about Yayati's achievements. He performed 100 Rajasuyas, 100 Ashwamedhas, 100 Vajapeyas, 1000 Atiratras, 1000 Pundarikas and innumerable Agnishthomas and Chaturmasyas. Wherever he hurled as Shami stick, he performed as sacrifice. He gave away mountains of gold and billions of cows to Brahmanas.
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The story[edit]
The story of Yayāti appears in the nineteenth chapter of book nine of the Bhagavata Purana.[3]
Yayāti's father, Nahusha is transformed into a python by a curse uttered by the sages as punishment for his arrogance. Yayāti's elder brother, Yati, is initially given the kingdom, but turns it down and instead becomes an ascetic. Yayāti then becomes king in his place and prospers so greatly that he is able to conquer the whole world. He appoints his four younger brothers to rule the world's cardinal directions.[citation needed]
One day Sharmishtha, daughter of the Danava king Vrishparva and Devayani, daughter of the Daitya sage Shukracharya, go with Sharmishtha's retinue to bathe in a forest pool not far from their home. After bathing, Sharmishtha confuses Devayani's sari with hers and puts it on instead. Devayani returns, scolds Sharmishtha for her mistake and belittles her with the jibe that she is the daughter of Shukracharya (Shukracharya being a sage and high priest and indeed the guru of all the Asuras - no mere employee) as Vrishparva's and their Kingdom lives on his blessings. This slur on herself and her father Vrishparva infuriates Sharmishtha. With the help of her servants, Sharmishtha throws the naked Devayani into a well and leaves the forest with her retinue. Later Yayāti, son of Nahusha, comes to the well for water and helps Devayani to climb out of it.[4]
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Devayani resolves to make Sharmishtha her servant in revenge for trying to kill her by throwing her into the well. Sharmishtha's father, Vrishparva agrees to this, since he fears that the continued security of his kingdom would be in doubt without the sage counsel of Devayani's father Shukracharya. Sharmishtha also agrees to this to save the kingdom and becomes Devayani's maidservant.
Some days later Devayani goes on a picnic in the forest with her servants (including Sharmishtha). There she again meets Yayāti, who is out hunting. Yayāti finds himself attracted by Sharmishtha's beauty, asks Devayani about her. Devayani observed this, introduced Sharmishtha as her slave and also claimed that he should become her husband as he has held her hand while helping her out of the well.Yayāti fears Shukracharya, and tells Devayani that he will marry her only if his father agrees. Yayāti presumed that it is not Dharma for a King to marry a Brahmin girl.
This time she brings him to her father and tells him that she would like to marry Yayāti. Shukracharya gives his consent and tells Yayāti that he should take care of Sharmishtha too (as she is a princess, by birth) although he shouldn't maintain a physical relationship with her. Yayāti marries Devayani and looks after her well.
After a long while, Sharmishtha comes to Yayāti and requests him to give her a child. He refuses and says that, if he were to do so, he could not face the wrath of Shukracharya. Nevertheless, Sharmishtha manages finally to convince him, saying that it would be against Dharma if he were to refuse her request; he being the king, it is his responsibility to ensure the needs of the citizens and she is desperate to have a child. He reluctantly agrees and they begin a relationship, in the hopes that she will conceive. In due course, Devayani gives birth to two sons Yadu and Turvasu while Sharmishtha begets three sons Druhyu, Anu and Puru.
Eventually Devayani learns of her husband's affair with Sharmishtha and complains to her father. Enraged at his son-in-law's disobedience, Shukracharya curses Yayāti with premature old age in punishment for inflicting such pain upon his daughter. However on learning Sharmishta's desire to become a mother, he later relents, telling Yayāti that if he can persuade one of his (Yayāti's) sons to swap ages with him he will be able to escape the curse and regain his lost youth for a while. Yayāti asks his sons if one of them will give up his youth to rejuvenate his father, but all refuse except the youngest, Puru (one of his sons by Sharmishtha). In grateful recognition of Puru's filial devotion, Yayāti makes him his legitimate heir and it is from the line of Puru - later King Puru - that the 'Kuru vamsha' (Kuru dynasty) later arises.
In the words of the story, Yayāti enjoys all the pleasures of the senses 'for a thousand years' and, by experiencing passion to the full, comes to realise its utter futility, saying: 'Know this for certain.. not all the food, wealth and women of the world can appease the lust of a single man of uncontrolled senses. Craving for sense-pleasures is not removed but aggravated by indulgence even as ghee poured into fire increases it..One who aspires to peace and happiness should instantly renounce craving and seek instead that which neither grows old, nor ceases - no matter how old the body may become.'[3] Having found wisdom by following the road of excess, Yayāti gratefully returns the youth of his son Puru and takes back his old age in return, renouncing the world to spend his remaining days as a forest ascetic. His spiritual practices are, at long last, blessed with success and, alone in the deep woods, he is rewarded with ascension to svarga - the heavenly realm of the righteous, ruled by Indra, that is but one step below the ultimate liberation of moksha.[3]
Chariot of Yayati[edit]
The Vayu Purana, the Brahmanda Purana, the Shiva Purana and the Harivamsa Purana mention that Yayāti possessed a divine chariot which could travel in any direction unimpeded. It is variously mentioned that Yayāti acquired it from Shukracharya, Indra or from Shiva.
The Harivamsha Purana mentions that with the speed of this chariot, Yayāti was able to conquer the earth and the heavens in merely six days. He had also vanquished the Asuras many times. Yayāti gave this chariot to his youngest son, Puru who succeeded his father as king. The chariot became a family heirloom among the descendants of Puru. The chariot however vanished due to a curse incurred by the Paurava King Janamejaya when he slew a Brahmana in his hatred. Many years later, Indra once more gave that same chariot to King Vasu Uparichara, another descendant of Puru. Uparichara's grandson, Jarasandha of Magadha, inherited that chariot. Jarasandha was eventually defeated and slain by the PandavaBhima who gave the chariot to his cousin, Lord Krishna.
Descendants[edit]
Children of Devayani[edit]
- Yadu gave rise to Yadu vamsha, and one of his descendants is Krishna.
- Turvasu and his descendants formed the Yavana Kingdom
- Madhavi married four times and had one son with each husband. She married Haryyashwa, who founded the from Iksu (sanskrit), Pali: Okkāka dynasty (Sanskrit; ikṣvāku, from Sanskrit ikṣu; Pali: Okkāka); Divodasa, King of Kashi; Ushinara, Bhoja King of Kashi and the MaharishiVishwamitra. With the Ikshvaku King Haryyashwa, she had a son named Vasumanas who became a wealthy king and practised charity. With Divodasa, the King of Kaśi, she had the mighty warrior King Pratarddana who acquired weapons from Sage Bharadwaja and defeated the Haihayas and the Videhas in battle. With the Bhoja King Ushinara, she had Shibi, who became a Chakravartin Samrat and conquered the world, practised Dharma and charity. With Sage Vishwamitra, Madhavi had a son named Ashtaka, who became famous for performing sacrifices and charity. The four sons of Madhavi didn't like Yayāti's self-righteousness, but each one used their powers to send Yayāti to heaven. Madhavi herself lost interest in marriage and performed penances in the forest for the rest of her life. Madhavi's four sons, after ruling their kingdoms, joined their mother and lived with her in the forest until her death.
Sons of Sharmishtha[edit]
- Druhyu and his descendants, the Vaibhoja Vansha, are believed to have formed the Twipra Kingdom.[5]
- Anu gave rise to a Mleccha tribe, Tusharas (Tukharas), with their kingdom located in the north west of India as per the epic Mahabharata. (Mbh 1:85) Further on Kekaya, a warrior on the Pandava side into whose chariot Bhima got during the fighting on the sixth day. As per Bhagavata Purana the Usinaras, the Sibi, the Madras, and the Kekayas were the direct descendants of Anu. Sibi or Sivi is stated to be son of Usinara.[6]
Another one of his descendants (through Puru) was King Bharata, son of King Dushyanta and Shakuntala, and after whom, India's ancient name Bharatvarsha was kept. Further descendants were part of the Kuru Kingdom, including Shantanu, Dhritarashtra, Pandu, Yudhishthira, Abhimanyu and Parikshit.
Influence[edit]
In modern language and usage, trading conscientious behaviour for external gain is sometimes called Yayāti Syndrome.[7][8]Yayati, a Marathi novel by V. S. Khandekar, won him the Sahitya Akademi Award (1960), and a Jnanpith Award (1974).[9] Playwright Girish Karnad's debut play Yayati (1961) is based on the story of King Yayāti found in the Mahabharat.[10]
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Mahabharata, Adiparva, verse. 71-80.
- Yayati (Marathi). 1959. ISBN978-81-7161-588-9
- Yayati: A Classic Tale of Lust, by V. S. Khandekar (English), Tr. by Y. P. Kulkarni. Orient Paperbacks. ISBN81-222-0428-7.
- Yayati, by Girish Karnad. Oxford University Press.
References[edit]
- ^Bibek Debroy, Dipavali Debroy (2002). The holy Puranas. p. 152. 'Nahusha and Ashokasundari had a son named Yayati.”
- ^Laura Gibbs: Yayati
- ^ abcVenkatesananda. The Concise Śrīmad Bhāgavataṁ. SUNY Press. pp. 227–229.
- ^http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01079.htm
- ^A sper Rajmala, the ancient royal chronicle of the Kings of Tripura.
- ^'Anu, the fourth son of Yayāti, had three sons, named Sabhanara, Caksu and Paresnu. From Sabhanara came a son named Kalanara, and from Kalanara came a son named Srnjaya. From Srnjaya came a son named Janamejaya. From Janamejaya came Mahasala; from Mahasala, Mahamana; and from Mahamana two sons, named Usinara and Titiksu.The four sons of Usinara were Sibi, Vara, Krmi and Daksa, and from Sibi again came four sons, named Vrsadarbha, Sudhira, Madra and atma-tattva-vit Kekaya..' (Bhagavata Purana, 9.23.1-4).
- ^Management and the Bhagavad Gita
- ^BJP's Yayati Syndrome
- ^Jnanpith website – list of laureatesArchived 13 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Don Rubin (1998). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 196. ISBN0-415-05933-X.
- Dowson, John (1888). A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature. Trubner & Co., London.
- Mani, Vettam (1964). Puranic Encyclopaedia. Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi. ISBN08426-0822-2.
External links[edit]
- Devayani and Yayati Retold by P. R. Ramachander
- Yayati in Brahma Purana
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Preview — Yayati by Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar
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I know!! It's THAT simple! :D
Yayati Vs Khandekar Ebook Reader
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really liked it · review of another editionAnd how I loved unwrapping this sub-story from Mahaharata - even as a stand alone tale.
Lots of food for thought. Especially in Kacha's wise words about controlling youre senses and abstaining from materialistic desires..
Which was in contrast to Mandar's hedonist philosophy of indulging in all kinds of pleasures as you have only one life.
The underplaying dilemma on Yayati's mind a..more
It turns out it was much ado about nothing. Yayati was a book I almost shelved at 25% after it pulled me down almost a year ago. I picked it up again after reading a blog of Devdutt Patnaik that talked of Yayati complex. Un..more
potraited complicated relations.Every character will carry bad n good qualities,there is space for each character that is what i liked most.
It took me a while to understand the purpose of this book (for me). The author wants to share his views on spirituality, life, happiness, duties, ego, and so many things. And to strengthen his point, he picked a story from mythology that covers and portrays all these aspects beautifully...more
The different voices gives depth to varied emotions. How jealousy and anger can disrupt life; how being selfless gives strength to walk through difficult paths; how one's life depends their ha..more
His writing never ceases to amaze me!
A good read for those who want to quench that urge of literary satisfaction.
His characters are as much mythological as they are relevant in today's era. His keen observation of human nature, grasp on the language and some glimpses of philosophical discussion time and again make it even more wonderful!
Fresh because we get a whole new perspective of some real characters from someone else' point of view in a fictional way.
Many thanks to Mr. Khandekar for mentioning this upfront.
Also, my review might be biased by the fact that I have read the translated English version of the novel which could have been different had I read the actual Marathi version.
The views about all the confusions and complicacies of life as described, even t..more
Through this enchanting book, the author gives his perspective on various philosophical things like love and lust, life and death, good and evil etc. He finally concludes that the best way to live happily and satisfac..more
I would recommend it as a read.
For its characters, if they say its an imagination, then its indeed unbeatable, match less.
Each of them is a story by itself, reflecting vivid human colors.
The best part of it is, none of them, I feel, is a philosophy.
They are so true and will persist forever.
'Yayati' is a great tale. A worth read !!!
Writing style is really good. Some lines were worth pondering upon!
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